Evaluating the Effects of Gamification in Behavioural Change: A Proposed SEM-Based Approach

The purpose of this study is two-fold. Firstly, it aims to investigate the available papers on effect gamification elements explain behavioural changes through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Secondly, based SLR, proposes four-step SEM (Structural Equation Model)-based approach that can be used validate effects change and further applied in context research project lower maritime plastic pollution coastal areas. SLR provides an overview empirical studies successfully measure three identified objectives, i.e., increased (O1) usage web platform, (O2) awareness, (O3) participation behaviour, focuses collect results. Findings from highlight multiple shortcomings, such as lack unified taxonomy for motivational affordances, absence soundly linking psychological outcomes, tendency researchers intention conduct behaviour rather than long-term actual changes. Finally, created insights which include how their self-developed questionnaire, projects utilising gamification, independent domain activity.